Editing Jefferson Airplane (section)

= Jefferson Airplane =

{| style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f9f9f9; padding:8px; width:280px; font-size:0.9em; line-height:1.6em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#ccc; text-align:center; padding:6px; font-size:1.1em;" | Jefferson Airplane
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:6px;" | [[File:jefferson_airplane.jpg|250px|Jefferson Airplane]]
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Origin
| San Francisco, California, US
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Genres
| Psychedelic rock, acid rock, folk rock
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Years active
| 1965–1972
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Labels
| RCA Victor
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Associated acts
| [[Jefferson Starship]], Hot Tuna, Quicksilver Messenger Service
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Members
| Marty Balin, Paul Kantner, Grace Slick, Jorma Kaukonen, Jack Casady, Spencer Dryden
|}

'''Jefferson Airplane''' were an American rock band formed in [[San Francisco]], California in 1965. 
Widely regarded as the first commercially successful band to emerge from the [[San Francisco psychedelic scene]], 
they became one of the definitive acts of the [[counterculture of the 1960s]]. Their music blended 
folk rock with psychedelic experimentation, and their concerts at venues such as the [[Fillmore Auditorium]] 
helped define the [[Summer of Love]] era.

Jefferson Airplane performed at several landmark events of the era, including the [[Monterey Pop Festival]] (1967), 
[[Woodstock]] (1969), and [[Altamont Free Concert]] (1969). The band dissolved in 1972, with members 
going on to form [[Jefferson Starship]] and [[Hot Tuna]].

== History ==

=== Formation (1965–1966) ===

The band was founded in San Francisco in 1965 by vocalist and rhythm guitarist '''Marty Balin''' 
and guitarist '''Paul Kantner'''. Balin had previously run a folk club called the Matrix in 
North Beach. The original lineup also included lead guitarist '''Jorma Kaukonen''', bassist 
'''Jack Casady''', drummer '''Skip Spence''', and vocalist '''Signe Toly Anderson'''.

The band took their name from a piece of slang — a "Jefferson Airplane" referred to a 
split matchstick used to hold a too-short marijuana cigarette. They became regulars at the 
Fillmore Auditorium and quickly built a following within the burgeoning Haight-Ashbury scene.

Their debut album, ''[[Jefferson Airplane Takes Off]]'' (1966), was recorded for RCA Victor 
and featured Anderson on lead vocals. It was a respectable commercial entry, though it gave 
little indication of the impact to come.

=== Breakthrough with ''Surrealistic Pillow'' (1967) ===

The most transformative change to the lineup came when Signe Anderson left the band following 
the birth of her child, and Skip Spence departed to form [[Moby Grape]]. Anderson was replaced 
by '''Grace Slick''', formerly of The Great Society, who brought with her two songs from that 
band: "[[Somebody to Love]]" and "[[White Rabbit]]". Drummer '''Spencer Dryden''' joined 
simultaneously.

The resulting album, ''[[Surrealistic Pillow]]'' (1967), became one of the defining records 
of the psychedelic era. (See dedicated section below.)

=== Peak years (1968–1969) ===

The band released a string of increasingly experimental albums following their commercial peak. 
''[[After Bathing at Baxter's]]'' (1967) was a sprawling, avant-garde departure, divided into 
"suites" and featuring extended improvisation. ''[[Crown of Creation]]'' (1968) was more 
structured and drew on science fiction themes.

''[[Volunteers (Jefferson Airplane album)|Volunteers]]'' (1969) was their most overtly 
political record, released in the immediate aftermath of Woodstock, where the band had 
delivered a chaotic but memorable dawn performance. The title track became an anthem of 
the era's radical politics.

=== Decline and dissolution (1970–1972) ===

Internal tensions mounted in the early 1970s. Marty Balin, a founding member, largely 
withdrew from the band by 1971 following creative disagreements. Kaukonen and Casady 
devoted increasing energy to their blues-oriented side project, [[Hot Tuna]]. 

The album ''[[Bark (album)|Bark]]'' (1971) was the first released on the band's own 
Grunt Records label, but it met with diminished commercial and critical returns. 
''[[Long John Silver (album)|Long John Silver]]'' (1972) followed before the band 
officially dissolved. 

Kantner and Slick continued under the name '''Jefferson Starship''', which achieved 
considerable commercial success through the late 1970s and beyond.

== ''Surrealistic Pillow'' (1967) ==

{| style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f9f9f9; padding:8px; width:260px; font-size:0.9em; line-height:1.6em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#ccc; text-align:center; padding:6px; font-size:1.1em;" | Surrealistic Pillow
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:6px;" | [[File:surrealistic_pillow.jpg|240px|Surrealistic Pillow album cover]]
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Artist
| Jefferson Airplane
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Released
| February 1, 1967
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Recorded
| November 1966
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Studio
| RCA Studio A, Hollywood
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Genre
| Psychedelic rock, acid rock, folk rock
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Length
| 34:19
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Label
| RCA Victor
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Producer
| Rick Jarrard
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Preceded by
| ''[[Jefferson Airplane Takes Off]]'' (1966)
|-
| style="font-weight:bold; padding:4px 8px;" | Followed by
| ''[[After Bathing at Baxter's]]'' (1967)
|}

'''''Surrealistic Pillow''''' is the second studio album by Jefferson Airplane, released on 
February 1, 1967 on RCA Victor. Produced by Rick Jarrard, it was the band's commercial and 
artistic breakthrough, reaching number 3 on the ''Billboard'' 200 chart and remaining on 
the chart for over a year. It is considered one of the quintessential albums of the 
San Francisco psychedelic era.

The album's title was reportedly suggested by [[Jerry Garcia]] of the [[Grateful Dead]], 
who served as an informal musical consultant during recording. Garcia is credited as 
"spiritual advisor" in the liner notes.

=== Background ===

The arrival of Grace Slick from [[The Great Society]] was the catalyst for the album's 
distinctive character. Slick brought commanding vocal authority and two fully realised 
compositions that would become the album's signature tracks. The combination of Slick's 
and Marty Balin's contrasting vocal styles — her steely, almost operatic delivery against 
his warmer, more plaintive folk tenor — gave the album an unusual tonal range.

Recording took place at RCA Studio A in Hollywood in November 1966. The sessions were 
relatively tight by psychedelic-era standards, and the album has a more polished production 
feel than the free-form experimentation the band would pursue on subsequent records.

=== Track listing ===

==== Side one ====

{| style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; font-size:0.9em;"
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | #
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | Title
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | Writer(s)
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | Lead vocal
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | Length
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | "She Has Funny Cars"
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Jorma Kaukonen, Marty Balin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Balin, Slick
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 2:39
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 2
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | "Somebody to Love"
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Darby Slick
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Grace Slick
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 2:58
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 3
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | "My Best Friend"
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Skip Spence
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Balin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 2:02
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 4
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | "Today"
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Balin, Kantner
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Balin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 3:03
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 5
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | "Comin' Back to Me"
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Balin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Balin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 5:00
|}

==== Side two ====

{| style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; font-size:0.9em;"
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | #
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | Title
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | Writer(s)
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | Lead vocal
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; text-align:left; background:#eee;" | Length
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 6
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | "How Do You Feel"
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Tom Mastin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Balin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 3:05
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 7
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | "Embryonic Journey"
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Kaukonen
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | ''(instrumental)''
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 2:05
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 8
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | "White Rabbit"
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Grace Slick
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Slick
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 2:31
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 9
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | "Plastic Fantastic Lover"
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Balin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Balin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 2:36
|}

=== Notable tracks ===

==== "Somebody to Love" ====

Originally written and recorded by [[The Great Society]] under the title "Someone to Love", 
the song was composed by Grace Slick's then-brother-in-law Darby Slick. Jefferson Airplane's 
version, re-arranged and re-titled, was released as a single in April 1967 and reached 
number 5 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Grace Slick's forceful vocal performance transformed 
the song's folk-rock template into something far more urgent and electric. The song became 
one of the anthems of the Summer of Love.

==== "White Rabbit" ====

Written entirely by Grace Slick, "White Rabbit" draws on the imagery of [[Lewis Carroll]]'s 
''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' and ''Through the Looking-Glass'' as a vehicle for 
psychedelic allusion. The song builds from a quiet, bolero-like opening — influenced, 
Slick has said, by [[Miles Davis]]'s ''[[Sketches of Spain]]'' — to a climactic final line 
delivered at full force. Released as the B-side to "Somebody to Love" before becoming a 
hit in its own right, it reached number 8 on the Hot 100.

The song's use of Carroll's imagery — mushrooms, pills, talking animals — was widely 
understood as an endorsement of drug use, and it was among the first rock songs to deal 
with the subject using literary metaphor rather than direct reference.

==== "Embryonic Journey" ====

A solo acoustic guitar piece by Jorma Kaukonen, "Embryonic Journey" stands apart from 
the rest of the album in both texture and intent. A piece of intricate fingerpicking 
in an open tuning, it demonstrates Kaukonen's roots in acoustic blues and anticipates 
the direction he and Jack Casady would pursue with [[Hot Tuna]].

=== Reception and legacy ===

''Surrealistic Pillow'' was both a critical and commercial success on release, reaching 
number 3 on the ''Billboard'' 200. It has since been consistently cited as one of the 
most important albums of the 1960s. ''Rolling Stone'' magazine placed it among the 
500 greatest albums of all time in multiple iterations of their list.

The album is widely credited with bringing the San Francisco psychedelic sound to 
mainstream American audiences, predating the Summer of Love by several months and 
helping to shape the cultural climate of that year.

== Members ==

{| style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; font-size:0.9em;"
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; background:#eee; text-align:left;" | Name
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; background:#eee; text-align:left;" | Role
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; background:#eee; text-align:left;" | Years active
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Marty Balin
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Vocals, rhythm guitar, founding member
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1965–1971
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Paul Kantner
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Rhythm guitar, vocals
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1965–1972
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Jorma Kaukonen
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Lead guitar
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1965–1972
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Jack Casady
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Bass guitar
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1965–1972
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Grace Slick
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Vocals, keyboards
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1966–1972
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Spencer Dryden
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Drums
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1966–1970
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Skip Spence
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Drums (original)
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1965–1966
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Signe Toly Anderson
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Vocals (original)
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1965–1966
|}

== Discography ==

=== Studio albums ===

{| style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; font-size:0.9em;"
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; background:#eee; text-align:left;" | Year
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; background:#eee; text-align:left;" | Album
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; background:#eee; text-align:left;" | Label
! style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:6px; background:#eee; text-align:left;" | US chart peak
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1966
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | ''[[Jefferson Airplane Takes Off]]''
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | RCA Victor
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | #128
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1967
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | ''[[Surrealistic Pillow]]''
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | RCA Victor
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | #3
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1967
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | ''[[After Bathing at Baxter's]]''
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | RCA Victor
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | #17
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1968
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | ''[[Crown of Creation]]''
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | RCA Victor
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | #6
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1969
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | ''[[Bless Its Pointed Little Head]]'' (live)
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | RCA Victor
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | #17
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1969
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | ''[[Volunteers (Jefferson Airplane album)|Volunteers]]''
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | RCA Victor
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | #13
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1971
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | ''[[Bark (album)|Bark]]''
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Grunt Records
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | #11
|-
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | 1972
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | ''[[Long John Silver (album)|Long John Silver]]''
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | Grunt Records
| style="border:1px solid #ccc; padding:5px 8px;" | #20
|}

== See also ==

* [[Jefferson Starship]]
* [[Hot Tuna]]
* [[Grace Slick]]
* [[San Francisco psychedelic scene]]
* [[Summer of Love]]
* [[Monterey Pop Festival]]
* [[Woodstock]]
* [[Grateful Dead]]

[[Category:American rock bands]]
[[Category:Psychedelic rock groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups from San Francisco]]
[[Category:1960s music]]
[[Category:RCA Victor artists]]